Internal combustion engine



April'll, 1933. A. MooRHousE 1,903,607

INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE Original Filed May 10, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet l 3mm/1470i ALFRED MUUHHUUSE April-11, 1933. A MooRHousE Y 1,903,607

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed May lO, 1928 5 Sheets-Shea?l 2 not neg April 11 1933- `A. MooRHoUsE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed May lO, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ALFRED .MUUHHm/'f Patented Apr. 11, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALFRED MOORHOUSE, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, .ASSIGNOB TO PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN /INTERN AL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original application med Iay 10, 1928, Serial No. 276,568, now Patent 17o. 1,878,165. Divided and this application tiled June 24, 1929. Serial No. 378,279.

rlhis invention relates to internal combustion engines, and is a division of my application, Serial No. 276,563, filed May 10, 1928.

One of the objects of the present invention is to increase the volumetric eiiiciency of an internal combustion engine in which the combustion chamber is concentrated over the valves and a portion only of the cylinder.

Another obJect of the invention is to increase the area of the opening between the cylinder and the combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine in'which the combustion chamber is concentrated over the valves and approximately half of the cyllnder, without materially increasmg the volume of the combustion chamber.

Another object of the invention 1s to provide an internal combustion engme 1n which the explosive mixture is heated before it enters the cylinders of the engine by'a c1r culation of exhaust gases around the intake manifold of the engme.

Another object is to provide an internal combustion engine in which the explosive mixture is heated before it enters the cylinders ofthe engine bya circulation of. exhaust gases alternately in opposite dlrections around the intake manifold of the englne.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for cooling the exhaust valve seats of an internal combustion engine.

Another object of the invention is to provide means in an internal combustion engine for discharging .a stream of cooling fluid against the portions of the englne 1n which exhaust valve seats are formed, to. cool the seats.

Another object of the invention is to provide a water cooled internal combustion engine having a detachable head in whic h the head is removable without disconnecting the pipes or conduits connecting the water jackets of the engine to the radiator.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings forming a part of this specification, in which:

Figure l is a vertical sectional view, taken substantially on line 1-1 of Figure 2, of

an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the engine; Figure 3 is a sectional view on line 3-3 of Fi re 1; and

igure 4 is a sectional view on line 4-4 of Fiure 3.

eferring to the drawings, 10 represents generally an eight-cylinder-in-line internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the present invention. The en ine has a cylinder I lock `11 provided with cy mders 12 having their axes arranged in a plane inclined to the vertical as shown. Each cylinder has a piston 13 movable therein, each piston being connected by means of a connecting rod 1 4 to a crank 15 of a crank shaft 16 sultably Journaled in the lower part of the clylinder block 11. The lower open part of t e cylinder block is closed by a crank case .17, removabl secured in any suitable manner to the cylin er block.

The portion of the side of the cylinder block adjacent the upper ends of the cylinders 12, in the form shown, is curved to provide a concave cylinder head seat 18. Each cylinder is provided with an inlet valve 19 and an exhaust valve 20 arranged at one side of the cylinder and seated in seats forme in the cylinder block, the exhaust valve seats being indicated at 21. In accordance with the present invention, however, and because of the curvature of the cylinder head seat, the valves are arranged with the axes of their stems at an angle to the cylinder axis, as clearly shown in Figure 1, the glane of the heads of the valves preferably eing approximately tangent to the cylinderl head seat at the center of the valve heads. rlhe stems of the valves 19 and 20 are mounted in and guided by valve stem guides 22 supported in the cylinder block. Each valve is yieldingly pressed to closed osition by a suitable spring 23 and is a apted to be opened by means of a rocker arm 24, pivotally mounted as at 25 to the cylinder block and actuated by a cam 26 ada ted to enga e a roller 27 carried by the rocker arm. Te cams 26 are carried by a cam shaft 28 adapted to be driven by the crank shaft. preferably through a chain 29 running over gears mounted on the crank and cam shafts, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 1. generator 30 shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 is also driven by the chain 29. A suitable o enin 31, closed by a cover 32, is provide in t e cylinder block 11 opposite the rocker arms 24 permitting ready access to the-valve adjustments provided.

A cylinder head 33 having a convex surface 34 adapted to cooperate with the concave cylinder head seat 18, is. removably secured in position on the cylinder block 1 1 by means of bolts 35. The cylinder head 1s provided with a combustion chamber 36 for each of the cylinders of the engine, each combustion chamber being concentrated over the valves 19 and 20 and approximately onehalf of the cylinder, as shown in Figure 1. A threaded opening 37 is provided 1n the cylinder head preferably over the inlet valve of each cylin er, to receive a spark plug, not shown..

With this arrangement of engine elements, particularly advantageous in engines of relatively small bore, it will be apparent that the area of the opening between the cylinder and the combustion chamber is larger than in an engine of the same bore, and the same shape and volume of combustion chamber but employing a flat or plane cylinder head seat. It will be clear that this increased area of opening will increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine without diminishing substantially the desirable results obtalned from the agitation of the mixture in the combustion chamber.

In the form shown, explosive mixture is supplied to the cylinders from a carburetor 38 mounted on an intake manifold 39 comprising a vertically extending portion 40 and two horizontally arranged U-shaped portions having arms 41 adapted to communicate with intake passages 42 extending from the side of the cylinder block 11 and communicating with the intake ports of each cylinder. Registering with the exhaust port of each cylinder, except cylinders 4 and 5, is a curved exhaust passage 43 to the top of the cylinder block 11 as shown, and of substantially the cross-sectional area of the exhaust port throughout its length. For each of cylinders 4 and 5, however, an exhaust passage 44 registering with the exhaust port, extends to the side of the cylinder block 11 as shown, and communicating with each of these passages 44 is another passage 45, extending from the passage 44 to the top of the cylinder block with its opening at the top of the block in line with the corresponding openings of passages 43. Each of the passages 45 is preferably provided with a restricted portion 46 to reduce the cross-sectional area of the passage 45, at the end communicating with passage 44, to approximately one-half of the area of the exhaust passa es 43. Mounted on the top of the cylinder b ock 11 and having openings registering with each of the exhaust 'passa s 43 and 45 isl an exhaust manifold 47 w ich is connected to an exhaust pipe 48, through which the exhaust gases from the engine are conducted to a suitable muffler, not shown, and thence to Athe atmosphere. An exhaust conduit 49 having a pair of preferably parallel arms 50 is attached to the side of cylinder block 11 with the arms 50 registering with the exhaust passages 44. This conduit, as shown, completely encloses the intake manifold in the zone of the joint between the vertically and horizontally extending portions thereof, thus forming a passage for the exhaust gases from one of the exhaust passages 44 around the manifold and back to the other exhaust passage 44.'

During operation of the engine, the exhaust gases expelled from cylinder 4 for example, will be divided, a portion only of the gases entering exhaust passage 45 through restricted opening 46, the remainder of the gases being forced into the arm 50 of conduit 49 communicating with exhaust passage 44 of cylinder 4. rl`he gases will then be forced through conduit 49 around the vertically and horizontally extending portions of the intake manifold 39 enclosed in the conduit and into the other arm 50, the exhaust passage 44 of cylinder 5, through restricted opening 46 into passage 45 associated with cylinder 5 and into the exhaust manifold 47. And conversely, exhaust ases expelled from cylinder 5 will be divided, the portion not entering the exhaust manifold being forced around the intake manifold through conduit 49 into exhaust passage 44, through restricted opening 46 into exhaust passage 45 associated with cylinder 4, and into the exhaust manifold. The exhaust gases expelled from cylinders 4 and 5 are thus circulated around the intake manifold alternately in opposite directions to heat the explosive mixture fiowing through the intake manifold to the engine cylinders.

The engine is preferably cooled by water, the cylinder block and cylinder head being provided with suitable water jackets, as shown. One of the Water jackets 51 in the cylinder block is located between the cylinders and the valves, and in the upper wall of this jacket, the inlet and exhaust valve seats are formed as may be seen in Figure 1. Positioned in this jacket: 51 and extending the length of the engine, is a Water pipe or conduit 52, preferably closed at one end and having apertures 53 opposite each exhaust valve facing the portion of the water jacket in which the valve seats are formed, the end of the conduit 52, opposite the closed end, being connected preferably to a suitable water pump, such as the centrifugal pump 54 shown. The pump 54 is mounted in a chamber 55 in lll) radiator, is drawn into pump 54 and forced' thereby into conduit 52, whence it is discharged through apertures 53 against the jacket wall in which the exhaust valve seats are formed. In this wa the exhaust valve seats, during operation o the engine, are kept relat1vely very cool, as a result of which, exhaust valve troubles are minimized.

rIhe waterl discharged from conduit 52 will circulate around the cylinder water jackets and as it becomes heated, will rise through the jackets in the cylinder block and cylinder head to the top of the cylinder block and through water jacket outlet pipe 60 on the cylinder block to the engine radiator, where it will be cooled. From the radiator the water will be drawn again into pum 54 and forced therefrom into conduit 52 rom which it is again discharged against the wall of the water jacket. With this arrangement, it will be a parent that, While the water circulates tgrough the jackets in the cylinder head, the water jacket outlet pipe is not connected to the head and consequently the head may be removed from the cylinder block without disconnecting the water jacket outlet pipe.

lin the form of the invention shown, with the cylinder block extending to the top of the engine, the water pump may be mounted immediately adjacent the top of the engine, which permits the cooling fan, where the fan shafts drive the pump, to be mounted higher with respect to the engine than has heretofore been possible.' The increased cooling resulting from this higher location of the fan with respect to the engine radiator will be evident.

rlhe form of the invention shown and described is to be considered as a preferred form only, and it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited except by the scope of the appended claims. i

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, in combination, a pair of cylinders each having an exhaust port, an exhaust manifold, an intake manifold, a passage communicating with the exhaust port of each cylinder, a passage foreach cylinder connecting the first mentioned passage and the exhaust manifold, the second mentioned passage having a restricted portion, and a conduit enclosing a portion of the intake manifold connecting the first mentioned passages.

. 2. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination of a (:ylinder block having a cylinder therein an having intake and exhaust passages, and a detachable head for.

said cylinder block, a combustion chamber being formed between the cylinder block and head, the inner ends of said passages communicating with said combustion chamber and being substantially in line, said assages divergin from each other so that t e outer end of t e exhaust passage is substantially at right angles to the outer end of the intake passage, and the outer end of each of said passages being substantially forty-five degrees from the axis of the cylinder.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a combustion chamber, and intake and exhaust passages communicating with said combustion chamber, said passages arranged relative to each other so that the outer end of the intake passage is substantially at right angles to the outer end of the exhaust passa and the outer end of each of said passageseing substantially forty-tive degrees from the axis of the cylinder.

4. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder block having a cylinder therein and having intake and exhaust passages, vand a detachable head for said cylinder block, a combustion chamber being formed between the cylinder block and head, the inner ends of said passages communicating with said combustion chamber and being substantially in line, said assages divergin from each other so that t e outer end of t e exhaust passage is out of line with the outer en d of the intake assage, and the outer ends of said passages orming substantially the same angle with the axis of the cylinder.

5. lin an internal combustion engine, the vcombination of a cylinder block having cylinders arranged in line, said block having intake and exhaust passa es, the inner ends of said passages being su stantially in line and the outer ends of said passages separating so that the outer ends of the exhaust passages are substantially at right angles to the outer ends of said intake passages, the axes of the cylinders being in a plane substantialldy forty-live degrees to both the intake an exhaust passage outer ends, and a detachable head for said cylinder block.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder block having a cylinder therein and'liaving intake and exhaust passages, and a detachable head for said cylinder block, a combustion chamber being formed between the cylinder block and head, the inner ends of said passages communicating with said combustion chamber and being substantially in line, said passages diverging from each other so that the outer end of the exhaust passage is substantially at' right angles to the outer end of the intake passa e, the outer ends of both of said passages eing substantially forty-five de from the axis of the cylinder, the cylinder being inclined to the vertical and one of said passages opening at the top ofthe block independently of the head.

7. in an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a combustion chamber, intake and exhaust passages communicating with said combustion chamber, said passages arranged relative to each other so that the outer end of the intake passage is substantially7 at right angles to the outer l5 end of the exhaust passage, and the outer ends of both of said passages being substantially forty-five degrees from the axis of the cylinder, and a manifold for each of said passages.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of the cylinder block having cylinders arranged in line and inclined from a vertical position, a detachable head for the block arranged above the cylinders and having most of the combustion chamber 'formed therein, said cylinder block formed with intake and exhaust passages c'ommunicating with said combustion chamber and the outer ends of said passages being arranged substantially at a right angle to each other, and intake and exhaust manifolds connected to said passages respectively.

9. n an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder block having in take and exhaust passages on one side of the cylinder block, said passages respectively diverging from each other, parallel intake and exhaust manifolds communicating respectively with the ends of said passages,

an exhaust conduit enclosing a portion oi:

the intake manifold, a communicating passage connecting said conduit with at least one of the exhaust passages independently of the exhaust manifold.

in testimony whereof I aiiix m signature.

ALFRED MOOR OUSE. 

